Abstract

BETA-2-AGONISTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Sonia Tanwar^a*, Garima Dhingra^a, Saloni Goyal^a, Varunesh Chaturvedi^a, Kartik Tanwar^b

^a Research Scholar, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur-302017
^b College of Physiotherapy, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001

ABSTRACT

Acc. to history, β-agonists, the cognate ligand of the 2 adrenoreceptor, have been used as bronchodilators for around 5,000 years, and they are still the first-line treatment for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) today. The human 2-adrenergic receptor (2AR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is a popular therapeutic target due to its major involvement in bronchodilation. The human β2-adrenoceptor is a 7-transmembrane receptor that is encoded by a gene on chromosome 5 and is found throughout the respiratory system. Intracellular signalling is significantly influenced by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and protein kinase after β2-adrenoceptor activation. Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are cell-surface receptors clinically taken advantage of in the management of bronchospasm as in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Agonist or antagonistic medications are used to target these receptors. While there are no selective beta-2 antagonists, agonists used to stimulate receptors are either selective to the beta-2 subtype or nonselective, stimulating all beta subtypes, including beta-2. Long-acting β2- agonists (LABAs) should be used only when asthma symptoms persist in individuals who are already taking frequent inhaled corticosteroids, according to major asthma management guidelines (ICSs). b2-Adrenoceptor agonists cause fast bronchodilation and are used to treat asthma symptoms all over the world. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by debilitating symptoms and gradual airflow limitation. Long-acting bronchodilators are the backbone of therapy for individuals with moderate-to-severe COPD; if symptoms worsen, recommendations advocate mixing bronchodilators from several classes to optimise efficacy.

Keywords: Bronchodilation, Corticosteroids, Inflammation, Muscle contraction, Neurotransmitter, Narrowing of airway, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.