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Abstract

Antenatal use of Corticosteroids to Prevent Respiratory Insufficiency in Preterm Babies

Narmadha M.P1, Haripriya P.S2, Merin Tomy3, Nikita Naushad4, M.S.Sreelakshmi5

1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nehru College of Pharmacy, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
2,3,4,5Pharm D graduates, Nehru College of Pharmacy, Thrissur, Kerala, India & PK Das Institute of Medical Science, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

ABSTRACT

Preterm birth is a risk factor in atleast 50% of all neonatal deaths. India has the highest number of preterm births as well as neonatal deaths due to prematurity. Antenatal corticosteroid(ANC) treatment for women who are at risk of preterm delivery has emerged as the most effective intervention for the prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome(RDS), reducing early neonatal mortality and morbidity. The study population included 70 preterm babies. Among them, 28 belonged to group 0 (no ANC), 25 in group 1 (single dose of ANC) and 17 in group 2 (double dose of ANC). Babies whose mothers received two doses of ANC had a significantly lower incidence of RDS (P=0.043) than neonates whose mothers received a single dose of ANC (P=0.343). There is also some beneficial effect in babies born after 24 hours of single dose ANC administration. However, in some cases, babies developed RDS as only single dose was received and delivery occurred within 24 hours of ANC administration. A single complete course of ANC (2 doses of betamethasone 12 mg 24hours apart) is efficacious than one dose of ANC in prevention of RDS.

Keywords: Respiratory Distress Syndrome(RDS), Antenatal Corticosteroids(ANC), Preterm, Betamethasone.


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