Abstract

AN OVERVIEW OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE AND ITS NOVEL TREATMENT APPROACHES

S. SWATI *¹, A. SPANDANA ², ALMAS AMREEN ², CH. ANUHYA²

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur, A.P, India.

²Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur, A.P, India.

ABSTRACT

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common clinical disorder that results in pulmonary vascular congestion with reduced cardiac output and describes the inability of the heart to meet the needs of organs and tissues for oxygen and nutrients. The risk factors include coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension, abnormal heart valves, heart muscle diseases, congenital heart disease, etc. It can also be caused due to smoking, high fat diet, lack of exercise and obesity. Although major improvements in medical and device treatments like beta blockers, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), Digoxin, Device therapies, and Heart transplantation. Heart Failure (HF) remains a syndrome with high morbidity mortality, poor quality of life, high health care costs. Some of the novel treatment approaches including Cardiac contractility modulation, inter atrial stunt devices, Algisyl in the treatment of heart failure, Stem cell therapy, Omnecamtiv mecabril, Ivabradine and Sacubitril/valsartan, CHF treatment devices, Vericiguat, Neuregulin and their stages in the clinical trials were reviewed in this article. Even with the best care heart failure may be fatal and hence the novel approaches in the treatment need safety interventions and future potential.

Keywords: Congestive heart failure, Inter atrial shunt devices, Ventricular assists devices,Neuregulin, Cardiac resynchronization therapy.